Announcement: The Women’s Healthy Heart Initiative is now the Wendy Wray Women’s Healthy Heart Initiative.

Most women find out about heart disease too late.

Most women find out about heart disease too late. Not because the signs were not there. Because nobody told them their risks were different. 

89% of Canadian women are unaware of their unique sex related risk factors.

Our focus is on giving you the evidence-based facts and information you need to independently improve your heart health — including sex and gender specific risk, which is too often overlooked.

Understanding risk

There are two kinds of risk.

Heart disease is 80% preventable. The key is knowing which risks are in your hands – and taking them seriously before symptoms appear.

Cannot change

Age, family history, being female. These raise your baseline risk. You need to know them.
 
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Can control

Cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, weight, activity, nutrition. These are within your power.
 
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Risks you cannot change

These are the 3 baseline risks. Know them.

You cannot change these. But knowing them changes how seriously you take everything else on this page. Think of them as your starting point.

Age

Risk increases with age, particularly after menopause. The hormonal changes that come with menopause directly affect your cardiovascular health in ways that are specific to women.

Family history

A parent or sibling with heart disease or an elevated Lpa raises your risk. This does not mean heart disease is inevitable. It means your modifiable risks matter even more. Ask your family about their health history.

Being female

Women have a unique set of sex-specific cardiovascular risk factors that are too often missed in standard medical settings. These are covered in detail below.

Risks you can control

These 7 factors are largely within your control.

The more of these you manage, the greater your protection. You do not need to tackle all of them at once. Start with one.

Obesity

Particularly abdominal obesity. Linked to inflammation and metabolic risk in women.

High blood pressure

The silent killer. No symptoms until damage is done. Get it checked regularly at your nearby pharmacy.

Diabetes

A stronger risk factor for women than men. Blood sugar management matters enormously.

Smoking

Quitting is the single most impactful change you can make for your heart health.

Elevated cholesterol

High LDL-C or APO-B contributes to arterial plaque over time. Maybe amendable with weight loss but usually requires medication.

Physical inactivity

30 minutes of moderate movement most days significantly reduces risk. It does not have to be the gym.

Poor nutrition

Diet directly affects cholesterol, blood pressure, weight and inflammation. Small consistent changes add up.

Important for women: Diabetes and smoking carry a greater cardiovascular risk in women than in men. If either applies to you, managing them is a priority.

Women-specific risk factors

Risk factors that are unique to women. And too often missed.

The research that shaped modern cardiology was, for decades, conducted almost entirely on men. Women are still catching up. These risk factors are rarely discussed in standard medical settings – but they matter.

Ask yourself: do any of these apply to me?

If any of these apply to you, you have information worth bringing to your next healthcare appointment.

Early menopause

Menopause between age 40 to 44 is associated with a 40% higher lifetime risk of coronary heart disease. One of the most underrecognised risk factors in women's cardiovascular health.

PCOS

Also referred to as Poly-Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome. Linked to higher cardiovascular risk later in life and often underdiagnosed in standard medical settings.

Pregnancy complications

Gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, preterm births and placental abruption are all linked to increased future cardiovascular risk in women.

Autoimmune disorders

Arthritis, lupus and similar conditions are linked to elevated heart disease risk. These conditions are significantly more common in women than in men.

Depression

A recognised cardiovascular risk factor in women, often undertreated. The link between mental and heart health is real and well documented.

Infertility

Certain causes of infertility have been linked to increased long-term cardiovascular risk. Worth mentioning to your healthcare provider.

Breast cancer treatment

Some treatments can affect heart health. Worth discussing with your care team if this applies to you now or in the future.

Diabetes and smoking

Both carry a greater cardiovascular risk in women than in men. Two of the most controllable and most impactful risk factors you can address today.

You now know your risks. Here is where to go next.

The resources below are trusted by the WHHI team and recommended as your starting point for learning more, taking action and staying informed about your heart health.